期刊
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
卷 176, 期 -, 页码 344-349出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.024
关键词
Sodium secondary battery; Hard carbon negative electrode; Ionic liquid; Wide temperature range; Full-cell performance
资金
- Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA) of Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) [3428]
- Elements Strategy for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) program of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have been attracting much attention as promising next-generation energy storage devices for large-scale applications. The major safety issue with SIBs, which arises from the flammability and volatility of conventional organic solvent-based electrolytes, is resolved by adopting an ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte. However, there are only a few reports on the study of negative electrodes in ILs. Here, we report the electrochemical performance of a hard carbon (HC) negative electrode in Na [FSA]-[C(3)C(1)pyrr][FSA] (FSA = bis(fluorosulfonyl) amide, C(3)C(1)pyrr = N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium) IL over a wide temperature range of -10 degrees C to 90 degrees C. High-temperature operation, which is realized for the first time by using an IL, can take full advantage of the high capacity of HC even at a very high discharge rate of 1000 mA (g-HC)(-1): the discharge capacity is 230 mAh (g-HC)(-1) at 90 degrees C and 25 mAh (g-HC)(-1) at 25 degrees C. Moreover, surprisingly stable cycleability is observed for the HC electrode at 90 degrees C, i.e. a capacity retention ratio of 84% after 500 cycles. Finally, a high full-cell voltage of 2.8 V and stable full-cell operation with Coulombic efficiency higher than 99% are achieved for the first time when using NaCrO2 as the positive electrode at 90 degrees C. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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