期刊
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
卷 10, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00025
关键词
poor immunological responders; predictive modeling; immune recovery; CD4(+) T cells; thymic function; immune activation; antiretroviral therapy; HIV infection
类别
资金
- FEDER, through the Competitiveness Factors Operational Program (COMPETE)
- Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-00(7038)]
- Programa Gilead GENESE [PGG/018/2017]
- FCT [D/BD/106047/2015, PD/BD/137433/2018, SFRH/BPD/112001/2015, UID/MAT/00013/2013]
- Arthritis Research UK
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PD/BD/137433/2018, UID/MAT/00013/2013] Funding Source: FCT
Poor immunological responders (PIR) are HIV-infected patients with virologic suppression upon antiretroviral therapy (ART) but persistently low CD4(+) T cell counts. Early identification of PIR is important given their higher morbimortality compared to adequate immune responders (AIR). In this study, 33 patients severely lymphopenic at ART onset, were followed for at least 36 months, and classified as PIR or AIR using cluster analysis grounded on their CD4(+) T cell count trajectories. Based on a variety of immunological parameters, we built predictive models of PIR/AIR outcome using logistic regression. All PIR had CD4(+) T cell counts consistently below 500 cells/mu L, while all AIR reached this threshold. AIR showed a higher percentage of recent thymic emigrants among CD4(+) T cells; higher numbers of sj-TRECs and greater sj/beta TREC ratios; and significant increases in thymic volume from baseline to 12 months of ART. We identified mathematical models that correctly predicted PIR/AIR outcome after 36 months of therapy in 77-87% of the cases, based on observations made until 2-6 months after ART onset. This study highlights the importance of thymic activity in the immune recovery of severely lymphopenic patients, and may help to select the patients that will benefit from closer follow-up or novel therapeutic approaches.
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