Electrografting and Controlled Surface Functionalization of Carbon Based Surfaces for Electroanalysis

The basic concepts of electrografting on carbon surfaces are reviewed with the emphasis on the prospects of achieving robust, well-defined compositions and structures of electrode interfaces. The surface functionalization allows tuning the interfacial properties which play an important role in various electrochemical applications, such as sensors and biosensors. Covalent attachment of organic compounds can be achieved by means of the electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts, and oxidation of amine or carboxylate. This review also demonstrates that the electrografting followed by a post-functionalization is an interesting approach in the designs of well-defined interface for electrochemical (bio)sensing.