Chimera patterns and subthreshold oscillations in two-dimensional networks of fractally coupled leaky integrate-and-fire neurons

We discuss the effects that fractal coupling induces on chimera states in a network of leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) oscillators arranged in a two-dimensional toroidal geometry. We provide evidence that the introduction of a hierarchical coupling topology in the form of a Sierpinski carpet gives rise to complex spatial structures such as multiple spots, stripe-and-grid chimeras, as well as traveling waves and subthreshold oscillations. Unlike in the case of typical nonlocal connectivity, when tuning the coupling strength to small positive values a spot chimera is formed with internal structure reminiscent of the fractal connectivity scheme. This is in line with previous results for one-dimensional networks, where hierarchical connectivity also induces chimeras with stratified spatial arrangements. In the case of negative coupling, cooperative effects produce subthreshold oscillating regions with traveling active islands crossing through them. Subthreshold oscillations and traveling waves are frequently reported in biological neural network experiments.