期刊
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH
卷 124, 期 -, 页码 120-132出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.03.008
关键词
Bialek's tracing method; Distributed energy resources; Kirschen's tracing method; MW-mile; Network tariffs allocation; Topological distribution factors
资金
- FEDER Funds through COMPETE program
- National Funds through FCT [FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER: PEst-OE/EEI/UI0760/2014]
- GID-MicroRede [34086]
- COMPETE under FEDER via QREN Programme
- EUREKA - ITEA2 Project SEAS [12004]
- Technical University of Denmark
- Danish Council for strategic Research through the 5s - Future Electricity Markets project [12-132636/DSF]
The high penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) in distribution networks and the competitive environment of electricity markets impose the use of new approaches in several domains. The network cost allocation, traditionally used in transmission networks, should be adapted and used in the distribution networks considering the specifications of the connected resources. The main goal is to develop a fairer methodology trying to distribute the distribution network use costs to all players which are using the network in each period. In this paper, a model considering different type of costs (fixed, losses, and congestion costs) is proposed comprising the use of a large set of DER, namely distributed generation (DG), demand response (DR) of direct load control type, energy storage systems (ESS), and electric vehicles with capability of discharging energy to the network, which is known as vehicle-to-grid (V2G). The proposed model includes three distinct phases of operation. The first phase of the model consists in an economic dispatch based on an AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF); in the second phase Kirschen's and Bialek's tracing algorithms are used and compared to evaluate the impact of each resource in the network. Finally, the MW-mile method is used in the third phase of the proposed model. A distribution network of 33 buses with large penetration of DER is used to illustrate the application of the proposed model. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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