期刊
PHYSICAL REVIEW A
卷 99, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.99.022117
关键词
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资金
- John Templeton Foundation [58558]
- U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-15-1-0496]
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1506081, DMR-1809343, NSF PHY-1748958]
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0017890]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0017890] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
Fluctuation theorems are relations constraining the out-of-equilibrium fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities like the entropy production that were initially introduced for classical or quantum systems in contact with a thermal bath. Here we show, in the absence of thermal bath, the dynamics of continuously measured quantum systems can also be described by a fluctuation theorem, expressed in terms of a recently introduced arrow of time measure. This theorem captures the emergence of irreversible behavior from microscopic reversibility in continuous quantum measurements. From this relation, we demonstrate that measurement-induced wave-function collapse exhibits absolute irreversibility, such that Jarzynski-like equalities are violated, and that this property is inherent to quantum information acquisition. We apply our results to different continuous measurement schemes on a qubit: dispersive measurement, homodyne, and heterodyne detection of qubit's fluorescence.
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