Multi-area Environmental Economic Dispatch with Reserve Constraints Using Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization

In this paper, the multi-area environmental economic dispatch (MAEED) problem with reserve constraints is solved by proposing an enhanced particle swarm optimization (EPSO) method. The objective of MAEED problem is to determine the optimal generating schedule of thermal units and inter-area power transactions in such a way that total fuel cost and emission are simultaneously optimized while satisfying tie-line, reserve, and other operational constraints. The spinning reserve requirements for reserve-sharing provisions are investigated by considering contingency and pooling spinning reserves. The control equation of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is modified by improving the cognitive component of the particle's velocity using a new concept of a preceding experience. In addition, the operators of PSO are dynamically controlled to maintain a better balance between cognitive and social behavior of the swarm. The effectiveness of the proposed EPSO has been investigated on four areas, 16 generators and four areas, 40 generators test systems. The application results show that EPSO is very promising to solve the MAEED problem.