Investigating the impact of temperature and organic matter on the removal of selected organic micropollutants during bank filtration: A batch study

Riverbank filtration (RBF) represents a low-cost and sustainable alternative to advanced treatment technologies to pre-treat or remove several organic micropollutants (OMPs) from surface water. The objective of this research was to investigate the efficacy of biodegradation and adsorption processes in the removal of OMPs at high temperatures (20-30 +/- 2 degrees C) during RBF. Laboratory-scale batch studies were conducted using silica sand at different temperatures (20, 25 and 30 degrees C) to study the removal of 19 OMPs (6 polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 8 herbicides and 5 insecticides) from various water sources with different organic matter characteristics. Simazine, atrazine, metolachlor, and isoproturon exhibited partial persistent characters (16%<59%), which apparently decreased with increase in temperature. DDT, pyriproxyfen, pendimethalin, beta-BHC, endosulfan sulfate and PAHs with high hydrophobicity (solubility in terms of logS<-4) tend to be well adsorbed onto sand grains (removal>80%), regardless of temperature, redox conditions or type of organic carbon fraction fed to the batch reactors. These findings indicate that these hydrophobic compounds are effectively removed during RBF regardless of the environmental conditions. Hydrophilic compounds (molinate, dimethoate, and propanil) showed temperature-dependent characteristics for influent water with low organic matter; their attenuation increased at higher temperature (removal>95%) due to the high microbial activity. This study revealed that temperature is an important parameter affecting the removal of OMPs with hydrophilic and low-hydrophobicity characters. However, temperature has less influence on the removal of highly hydrophobic OMPs during RBF process and thus should be considered during RBF system design.