Rap & Sing Music Therapy and sleep in adolescents: A single-blind cluster randomized controlled trial

Introduction: It is known that music may enhance emotional well-being which may have a positive effect on sleep. The goal of the present study was to examine whether a specific type of music, rapping and singing (Rap & Sing Music Therapy (Rap&SingMT)) could serve as a motivating engagement strategy to improve sleep in adolescents. Methods: Fifty-two adolescents received Rap&SingMT, 45 min, once a week, during four months in a group school setting. Twenty-three adolescents in the control group received a program of various mental activities - but no music. Actigraphy assessed six sleep variables: sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep episodes, snooze time, onset latency and wake percentage. Sleep assessments took place at baseline and after four months (post-testing). Results: A repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance failed to demonstrate a significant effect of Rap&SingMT on overall sleep. However, a decline in total sleep time over a period of four months was less in the Rap&SingMT group than in the control group. Discussion: Despite the fact that the participants did not suffer from sleep disturbances, a seasonal change over the experimental period of four months appeared to have less impact on total sleep time in the Rap&SingMT group. These findings will be addressed in more detail.