Characterization of digestive disorders of patients with chronic Chagas disease in Cochabamba, Bolivia

Background: Chagas disease (CD) is endemic in Latin America and particularly common in Bolivia, but there is little information on the characteristics of chronic digestive involvement. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and characterize digestive manifestations in chronic CD patients in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Methods: Eighty-five T. cruzi-seropositive individuals with or without digestive symptoms (G1 group), and fifteen T. cruzi-seronegative patients with similar digestive symptoms to those seen in CD (G2 group) were included in the study. All patients underwent a detailed history including past medical history, epidemiological information, hygiene and dietary habits, a complete physical examination, two serological tests for T. cruzi, video endoscopy, barium swallow, and barium enema. Findings: We observed digestive manifestations in T. cruzi seropositive and seronegative patients. Colonic manifestations were detected in both groups, highlighting the relevance of other confounder factors in the region. Constipation was present in 52.9% of G1 patients, 62.4% presented two or more upper digestive tract symptoms, and 5.9% of them presented esophageal manifestations. Helicobacter pylori infection was detected in 58.8% of G1 patients, and all patients presented gastritis on endoscopy. Conclusions: Prevalence of digestive involvement in CD patients is higher than expected. However, digestive symptoms are not always caused by T. cruzi infection and require differential diagnoses.