期刊
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
卷 114, 期 -, 页码 1-8出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.039
关键词
Hazard quotient; OPs; Risk assessment; Africa; Bees
资金
- Egyptian Fellowship and Missions Sector
- Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada [326415-07]
- Western Economic Diversification Canada [6578, 6807, 000012711]
- Canada Foundation
- Canada Research Chair program
- Department of Biology and Chemistry and State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution
- City University of Hong Kong
- State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs
- P.R. China
- Einstein Professor Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada [326415-07]
- Canada Foundation for Infrastructure
- [GDW20123200120]
There is no clear single factor to date that explains colony loss in bees, but one factor proposed is the wide-spread application of agrochemicals. Concentrations of 14 organophosphorous insecticides (OPs) in honey bees (Apis mellifera) and hive matrices (honey and pollen) were measured to assess their hazard to honey bees. Samples were collected during spring and summer of 2013, from 5 provinces in the middle delta of Egypt. LC/MS-MS was used to identify and quantify individual OPs by use of a modified Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe (QuEChERS) method. Pesticides were detected more frequently in samples collected during summer. Pollen contained the greatest concentrations of OPs. Profenofos, chlorpyrifos, malation and diazinon were the most frequently detected OPs. In contrast, ethoprop, phorate, coumaphos and chlorpyrifos-oxon were not detected. A toxic units approach, with lethality as the endpoint was used in an additive model to assess the cumulative potential for adverse effects posed by OPs. Hazard quotients (HQs) in honey and pollen ranged from 0.01-0.05 during spring and from 0.02-0.08 during summer, respectively. HQs based on lethality due to direct exposure of adult worker bees to OPs during spring and summer ranged from 0.04 to 0.1 for best and worst case respectively. It is concluded that direct exposure and/or dietary exposure to OPs in honey and pollen pose little threat due to lethality of bees in Egypt. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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