期刊
CHEMICAL SCIENCE
卷 10, 期 10, 页码 2980-2988出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04936j
关键词
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资金
- EPSRC [EP/R021554/1, EP/N509899/1, EP/P031323/1, EP/S018204/1]
- EPSRC [EP/R021554/1, EP/P031323/1, EP/N509899/1] Funding Source: UKRI
We have discovered a very simple method to address the challenge associated with the low volumetric energy density of free-standing carbon nanofiber electrodes for supercapacitors by electrospinning Kraft lignin in the presence of an oxidizing salt (NaNO3) and subsequent carbonization in a reducing atmosphere. The presence of the oxidative salt decreases the diameter of the resulting carbon nanofibers doubling their packing density from 0.51 to 1.03 mg cm(-2) and hence doubling the volumetric energy density. At the same time, the oxidative NaNO3 salt eletrospun and carbonized together with lignin dissolved in NaOH acts as a template to increase the microporosity, thus contributing to a good gravimetric energy density. By simply adjusting the process parameters (amount of oxidizing/reducing agent), the gravimetric and volumetric energy density of the resulting lignin free-standing carbon nanofiber electrodes can be carefully tailored to fit specific power to energy demands. The areal capacitance increased from 147 mF cm(-2) in the absence of NaNO3 to 350 mF cm(-2) with NaNO3 translating into a volumetric energy density increase from 949 mW h cm(-3) without NaNO3 to 2245 mW h cm(-3) with NaNO3. Meanwhile, the gravimetric capacitance also increased from 151 F g(-1) without to 192 F g(-1) with NaNO3.
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