期刊
ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY
卷 20, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
RESILIENCE ALLIANCE
DOI: 10.5751/ES-07280-200129
关键词
marine policy; Marine Strategy Framework Directive; marine sustainability; soft systems methodology; systems science
资金
- EU FP7 KnowSeas project
Choke points are social, cultural, political, institutional, or psychological obstructions of social-ecological systems that constrain progress toward an environmental objective. Using a soft systems methodology, different types of chokes points were identified in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, the Baltic, and the North and Mediterranean seas. The choke points were of differing types: cultural and political choke points were identified in Barra and the Mediterranean, respectively, whereas the choke points in the North Sea and Baltic Sea were dependent on differing values toward the mitigation of eutrophication. We conclude with suggestions to identify and address choke points.
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