The effects of physical and social attributes of place on place attachment A case study on Trabzon urban squares

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to determine the required physical and social attributes of open spaces and demonstrate the effects of these attributes on place dependency, which is the functional dimension of place attachment. In this context, the paper only focused on the effects of the physical and social attributes of the environment on the place attachment. Design/methodology/approach - The general framework of the study design included the determination of the place attachment value for the space through identification of its physical and social attributes by the users. The research method included the evaluation of the physical and social attributes and the place attachment. Findings - The study model demonstrated that the place attachment increased in successful urban spaces where user needs are met at a higher level. It was demonstrated that the social attributes, in particular the social environment, had a higher impact on the functional attachment of the users when compared to the physical attributes. Research limitations/implications - The present study investigated the factors that affected place attachment in urban open spaces within the context of human-environment interaction and specifically in the context of Trabzon square parks. Practical implications - The study findings are considered important for both urban planners and administrators, who are responsible for protection and development of urban spaces, and the users. Originality/value - The present study attempted to investigate the effects of physical and social attributes of the place on place dependence.