Multiple-jet electrospinning methods for nanofiber processing: A review

Electrospinning is a versatile method of producing continuous nanofibers through the application of an electric field. The simplest and earliest form of electrospinning involves the use of a single-needle spinneret to draw the solution out and form fibers. The process, however, is very time consuming, limiting the potential wide-scale application of electrospun nanofibers. Many multiple-jet electrospinning methods have been proposed to overcome the problem of low productivity, but the generation of multiple jets brought about other problems such as jet repulsion, lower process controllability, and deterioration of fiber quality. Thus, continuous development is necessary for the optimization of the process. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the recent electrospinning technologies reported in the literature, particularly on various multiple-jet electrospinning methods from both nozzles and free surfaces. The general principle underlying the electrospinning process, as well as important parameters involved are also presented in this paper.