期刊
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
卷 52, 期 -, 页码 16-22出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.11.026
关键词
Carbon dioxide emissions; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Panel data; Asian countries
The aim of this study is to test the Environmental Kuznet Curve (EKC) hypothesis for 14 Asian countries spanning the period 1990-2011. We focused on how both income and policies in these countries affect the income-emissions (environment) relationship. The GMM methodology using panel data is employed in a multivariate framework to test the EKC hypothesis. The multivariate framework includes: CO2 emissions, GDP per capita, population density, land, industry shares in GDP, and four indicators that measure the quality of institutions. In terms of the presence of an inverted U-shape association between emissions and income per capita, the estimates have the expected signs and are statistically significant, yielding empirical support to the presence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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