Reversible perovskite electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction/oxygen evolution

The identification of electrocatalysts mediating both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are prerequisite for the development of reversible fuel cells and rechargeable metal-air batteries. The question remains as to whether a bifunctional catalyst, or a single catalyst site, will exhibit potentials converging to + 1.23 VRHE. Transition metal-based perovskites provide tunable catalysts where site substitution can influence both ORR and OER, however substitution in the pseudobinary phases results in an anti-correlation in ORR and OER activities. We reveal that LaxMnyNi1 yO3 d, compositions with lanthanum A-site sub-stoichiometry exhibit reversible activity correlating with the appearance of the Mn3+/ Mn4+ redox couple. The Mn3+/ Mn4+ couple is associated with Mn4+ co-existing with Mn3+ in the bulk, as La3+ is substituted by Ni2+ at the A-site to create a mixed valent system. We also show that a direct A-site substitution by the Ca2+ cation in LaxCa1 xMnyO3 d perovskites also results in the creation of Mn4+, the appearance of the Mn3+/ Mn4+ redox couple, and a concomitant reversible activity. These results highlight a general strategy of optimizing oxide electrocatalysts with reversible activity.