期刊
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
卷 6, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00036
关键词
lipid metabolites; dietary oil; intestinal immunity; inflammation; allergy; intestinal bacteria
资金
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (MEXT)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS
- KAKENHI) [JP15K19142, JP15H05790, JP18H02150, JP18H02674, JP17K09604, JP26670241, JP26293111]
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) [JP17ek0410032s0102, JP17ek0210078h0002, JP17ak0101068h0001, JP17gm1010006s 0101, JP18ck0106243h0003, 19ek0410062h0001]
- Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan
- Science and Technology Research Promotion Program for Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, and Food Industry
- MEXT [JP23116506, JP16H01373, JP25116706]
- Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP)
- Ono Medical Research Foundation
- Canon Foundation
The intestine is the largest immune organ in the body, provides the first line of defense against pathogens, and prevents excessive immune reactions to harmless or beneficial non-self-materials, such as food and intestinal bacteria. Allergic and inflammatory diseases in the intestine occur as a result of dysregulation of immunological homeostasis mediated by intestinal immunity. Several lines of evidence suggest that gut environmental factors, including nutrition and intestinal bacteria, play important roles in controlling host immune responses and maintaining homeostasis. Among nutritional factors, omega 3 and omega 6 essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) profoundly influence the host immune system. Recent advances in lipidomics technology have led to the identification of lipid mediators derived from omega 3- and omega 6-PUFAs. In particular, lipid metabolites from omega 3-PUFAs (e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) have recently been shown to exert anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory responses; these metabolites include resolvins, protectins, and maresins. Furthermore, a new class of anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory lipid metabolites of 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid has recently been identified in the control of allergic and inflammatory diseases in the gut and skin. Although these lipid metabolites were found to be endogenously generated in the host, accumulating evidence indicates that intestinal bacteria also participate in lipid metabolismand thus generate bioactive unique lipidmediators. In this review, we discuss the production machinery of lipid metabolites in the host and intestinal bacteria and the roles of these metabolites in the regulation of host immunity.
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