期刊
ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY
卷 40, 期 4, 页码 409-419出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/een.12198
关键词
Gall-forming insects; host specificity; Papua New Guinea; sclerophylly; species richness; tropical rainforests
类别
资金
- European Union Center of Excellence for the global study of the function and biodiversity of forest ecosystems [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0064]
- Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [13-10486S]
- National Science Foundation [DEB 0515678]
- Christensen Fund
- UK Darwin Initiative for the Survival of Species [14/054]
1. Gall-forming insects are a guild of endophages that exhibit a high level of fidelity to their host plants, however, their level of host specificity is seldom explicitly tested. 2. Gall-forming insect taxa from 32 species of woody tropical plants with resolved phylogenetic relationships were collected and reared, representing 15 families from all the major clades of angiosperms, at three lowland rainforest locations in Madang, Papua New Guinea (PNG). 3. More than 8800 galled plant parts were collected from 78 gall morphospecies at an average of 2.4 per host plant. Total species richness at the sampling sites was estimated to be 83-89. All but one morphospecies were monophagous resulting in an effective specialisation of 0.98. 4. Specific leaf weight, foliar nitrogen, the presence of latex, and the successional preference of plant species all gave a phylogenetic signal, but only plant successional preference influenced the species richness of galls on analysis of phylogenetically independent contrasts. Gall species were distributed randomly among host plant species and showed no preference for any particular plant lineage. Furthermore, most gall-forming taxa were evenly dispersed across the host plant phylogeny. 5. In the tropical rainforests of New Guinea, gall-forming insects are ubiquitous but occur in species-poor assemblages. Local species richness is closely tied to the diversity of angiosperms owing to very high host specificity. 6. Finally, galler species richness data from the literature across habitats and latitudes were compared and suggest that tropical rainforests may be richer in galls than previously acknowledged.
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