A ratiometric and colorimetric probe for detecting Hg2+ based on naphthalimide-rhodamine and its staining function in cell imaging

In this work, a rhodamine derivative was developed as a colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for Hg2+. It exhibited a highly sensitive fluorescence response toward Hg2+. Importantly, studies revealed that the probe could be used for ratiometric detection of Hg2+, with a low detection limit of 0.679 M. The mechanism of Hg2+ detection using compound 1 was confirmed by ESI-MS, H-1 NMR, and HPLC. Upon the addition of Hg2+, the rhodamine receptor was induced to be in the ring-opening form via an Hg2+-promoted hydrolysis of rhodamine hydrazide to rhodamine acid. In addition to Hg2+ detection, the naphthalimide-rhodamine compound was proven to be effective in cell imaging.