期刊
SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
卷 36, 期 3, 页码 281-288出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/sres.2590
关键词
autopoietic systems; Bertalanffy; epistemological obstacles; general systems theory; Luhmann; open systems; tetralemma
资金
- European Regional Development Fund-ERDF/FEDER [01.2.2-LMT-K-718-02-0019]
- Research Council of Lithuania
Ludwig von Bertalanffy decisively shaped open systems theory as challenge and alternative to the then-dominant theories of closed systems. This strategic positioning and its success have abetted frequent and frequently implicit moralisations of openness and closeness. In this article, we draw on the concept of autopoietically closed systems to show that the prevailing affirmative bias to openness constitutes an epistemological obstacle to the advancement of general systems theory. We demonstrate how this obstacle can be removed by tetralemmatic decision programmes that facilitate the management of dilemmatic co-occurrences of and trade-offs between openness and closeness.
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