Microfluidic Electrochemical Devices for Biosensing

The integration of the electrochemical detection system together with microfluidic technology is an attractive choice for the construction of miniaturized components in a single platform. Microchannel networks fabricated on conductive substrates prevent environmental contaminants and require only a tiny (mu L or nL) sample for electroanalysis. Microfluidics coupled electrochemical detection system is particularly advantageous compared to traditional electrochemical sensing systems due to its flexibility, rapid analysis, low fabrication costs, ease of implementation and disposability. With these electrochemical sensing platforms, biochemical assays that require complex pre-processing of biological samples can be conducted on a chip. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the basic concepts of microfluidics and its recent applications in the design of miniaturized electrochemical sensors for biosensing applications are presented.