Vertically aligned laminate porous electrode: Amaze the performance with a maze structure

The innovation of electrode structures has been lagging far behind that of materials, hampering the industrialization process of high performance batteries or electro-catalytic systems. Especially for thick electrodes with high active materials loadings, it's inadequate to achieve satisfactory performance, especially working at higher current densities, due to the restricted ion transport rate across the electrodes with traditional densely packed structure. Herein, a vertically aligned laminate porous electrode structure is designed, with ion diffusion route shortened by 85%. As a result, the as prepared C/S electrodes (for Li-S batteries) achieve a sharp increase of specific capacity by 50% at 2 C and show excellent cycling stability with a capacity of 949 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 C with sulfur loading of 8.0 mg cm(-2). In addition, capacities of 89 and 115 mAh g(-1) at 10 C have been achieved for LiFePO4 (LFP) and NaTi2(PO4)(3) (NTP) electrodes, respectively, which is over 70% and 130% compared to their contrast with active substances loading of 8.8 and 5.5 mg cm(-2). It also shows a good application in the field of electroreduction of CO2.