New insulation replacement in buildings' walls and its impact on air pollution reduction in Tehran

High consumption of fossil fuel resources has always been associated with large amounts of pollutants' production. Due to this, Tehran weather condition reaches emergency state every year and causes a health threat to residents. Residential sector consumes over 40% of the total energy in Iran and causes a high amount of emission. In this article, the amount of loss reduction is calculated when new insulations are used (instead of stone-wool) in a building located in district 3 of Tehran. Innovative insulations involve the use of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and hollow silica nanospheres (HSN). To validate the previous part and observe the wall condition in detail, walls with current and new insulations are modelled by ANSYS FLUENT. Results indicate that EPS and HSN reduce total energy demand in the studied apartment by 1.2% and 5.1%, respectively. Finally, Tehran's under-construction buildings during 2015 are assumed to utilize mentioned insulations to observe their effects. The annual amount of reduced six air pollutants (CO2, SPM, CO, SO2, CH4 and NOx) by using EPS and HSN are 16,681 and 60,712 tonnes, respectively. It is found out that by using EPS and HSN, CO2 external costs can be decreased by 4,376,846$ and 15,929,919$ per year.