期刊
AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW
卷 84, 期 3, 页码 517-544出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0003122419847165
关键词
education; international comparison; academic achievement; socioeconomic inequality
类别
资金
- Pathways to Adulthood program - Jacobs Foundation
- National Academy of Education/Spencer Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship
The socioeconomic achievement gap-the disparity in academic achievement between students from high- and low-socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds-is well-known in the sociology of education. The SES achievement gap has been documented across a wide range of countries. Yet in most countries, we do not know whether the SES achievement gap has been changing over time. This study combines 30 international large-scale assessments over 50 years, representing 100 countries and about 5.8 million students. SES achievement gaps are computed between the 90th and 10th percentiles of three available measures of family SES: parents' education, parents' occupation, and the number of books in the home. Results indicate that, for each of the three SES variables examined, achievement gaps increased in a majority of sample countries. Yet there is substantial cross-national variation in the size of increases in SES achievement gaps. The largest increases are observed in countries with rapidly increasing school enrollments, implying that expanding access reveals educational inequality that was previously hidden outside the school system. However, gaps also increased in many countries with consistently high enrollments, suggesting that cognitive skills are an increasingly important dimension of educational stratification worldwide.
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