Emission characteristics of waste tallow and waste cooking oil based ternary biodiesel fuels

In this study, biodiesels derived from tallow and waste cooking oil were blended to form a waste tallow-cooking oil (WTC) biodiesel, which was further blended with petroleum derived extra low sulphur diesel (XLSD). Mixtures of 5, 10, and 15% biodiesel WTC in XLSD were tested in an engine to compare the emissions from combustion of the WTC biodiesel-containing blends to that from XLSD. Combustion of the WTC in XLSD blends produced higher CO2 and NOx emissions than combustion of XLSD. The particulate matter (PM) emissions were lowest from the WTC biodiesel blends with the highest WTC biodiesel concentrations. Based on this study, we conclude that ternary biodiesel blends with WTC-biodiesel could be a suitable fuel alternative to reduce the need to import diesel fuel from distant oil production locations, and to reduce particulate matter emissions from existing, unmodified diesel engines. However, further research and optimisation of the fuels is required to reduce the CO2 and NOx emissions from these biodiesels. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.