Health risk assessment of Chinese consumers to Cadmium via dietary intake

This paper investigated the concentration of Cd in foods via surveys and a literature review. The concentration of Cd in different food groups was in the decreasing order of meat > aquatic products > cereal > vegetable > bean > egg > dairy > fruit. More precisely, on average the weekly Cd intake for men, women, 2-3-year-old children and 4-17-year-old children were 0.0039, 0.0041, 0.0069 and 0.0064 mg kg(-1) bw week(-1), respectively. Among all food groups, cereal was the most significant contributor to the dietary intake of Cd, followed by vegetable, aquatic products and meat. For Chinese consumers, the results of risk assessment for all groups by the deterministic method and the probabilistic method showed the mean weekly Cd intake via dietary exposure was lower than the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) proposed by WHO. However, the 95th and 97.5th percentile THQ values all exceeded 1, and the probability of dietary Cd exposure greater than the weekly intake tolerance (THQ > 1) were 15.9%, 17.1%, 42.3% and 28.4% for men, women, 2-3-year-old children and 4-17 year-old children, indicating a potential risk from Cd exposure via dietary intake, especially for children. It appeared that dietary Cd exposure should deserve our attention, and positive measures must be taken to reduce the concentration of Cd in food at once