期刊
DRUGS
卷 75, 期 4, 页码 353-365出版社
ADIS INT LTD
DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0358-1
关键词
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资金
- Italian Ministry for University, Scientific and Technological Research (MURST)
- Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM [ZIAAA000218] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) may develop within 6-24 h after the abrupt discontinuation or decrease of alcohol consumption. Symptoms can vary from autonomic hyperactivity and agitation to delirium tremens. The gold-standard treatment for AWS is with benzodiazepines (BZDs). Among the BZDs, different agents (i.e., long-acting or short-acting) and different regimens (front-loading, fixed-dose or symptom-triggered) may be chosen on the basis of patient characteristics. Severe withdrawal could require ICU admission and the use of barbiturates or propofol. Other drugs, such as alpha(2)-agonists (clonidine and dexmetedomidine) and beta-blockers can be used as adjunctive treatments to control neuroautonomic hyperactivity. Furthermore, neuroleptic agents can help control hallucinations. Finally, other medications for the treatment for AWS have been investigated with promising results. These include carbamazepine, valproate, sodium oxybate, baclofen, gabapentin and topiramate. The usefulness of these agents are discussed.
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