A 1251m-thick Deccan Flood Basalt Pile Recovered by Scientific Drilling in the Koyna Region, Western India

A 1251 m thick succession of Deccan lava flows has been recovered by scientific drilling in the Koyna region, western part of the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP). Forty-six lava flows, starting with the first flow overlying the granitic basement in the region, have been identified through mesoscopic studies of cores obtained from a 1500 m deep borehole KBH7 in Panchgani village of Patan sub-division. Mesoscopic observations supported by petrographic studies bring out the characteristics of the basaltic pile. The salient findings are as follows. The thickness of Deccan trap in the Panchgani area is 1251.20 m, comprising a succession of 40 simple lava flows and 6 compound lava flows. The contact with the underlying granitic basement occurs over a short span of 90 cm. Infra-trappean sediments are absent. Overall, similar to 74% of the basaltic pile is constituted of massive basalt and similar to 24% vesicular/amygdaloidal basalt. Red bole horizons are observed in 7 flows. Nine giant plagioclase basalt (GPB) flows are identified in the single vertical section. The long basalt core may serve as a model Deccan trap section for correlation with the flows exposed at the surface in the Koyna and surrounding region and support detailed investigations to constrain the duration of Deccan volcanism.