Land use changes and dynamics over the last century around churches of Moldavia, Bukovina, Northern Romania - Challenges and future perspectives

In this study, the land use around the Churches of Moldavia, UNESCO WH (World Heritage) sites, has been analysed using photo interpretation and GIS. The cartographic analysis used historical maps and modern orthophotos to highlight the main changes that took place over the last century in the area surrounding the sites, which has been extended to 1 km buffer. Historical maps and orthophotos of the years 1917, 2005, and 2016 have been processed to identify the present and historical changes in one of the most well-known historical areas of Eastern Europe. Monuments have a significant universal, national, and local value, contributing to the touristic development of the area. The most important processes that can affect the integrity of the monuments are the deforestations and the anthropogenic environmental changes. Significant changes took place around Probota, Humor, Patrauti and Arbore churches, while Sucevita, Voronet and Moldovita churches still preserve the natural landscape specific to the Bukovina historical area; Suceava church is part of a strongly urbanised landscape.