Production of Ethanol from Livestock, Agricultural, and Forest Residuals: An Economic Feasibility Study

In this study, the economic feasibility of producing ethanol from gasification followed by syngas fermentation via commercially available technologies was theoretically evaluated using a set of selected livestock and agricultural and forest residuals ranging from low valued feedstocks (i.e., wood, wheat straw, wheat straws blended with dewatered swine manure, and corn stover) to high valued oilseed rape meal. A preliminary cost analysis of an integrated commercial system was made for two cases, a regional scale 50 million gallon (189,271 m(3)) per year facility (MGY) and a co-op scale 1-2 MGY facility. The estimates for the minimum ethanol selling prices (MESP) depend heavily on the facility size and feedstock costs. For the 1-2 MGY (3785-7571 m(3)/y) facility, the MESP ranged from $5.61-$7.39 per gallon ($1.48-$1.95 per liter) for the four low-value feedstocks. These high costs suggest that the co-op scale even for the low-value feedstocks may not be economically sustainable. However, the MESP for the 50 MGY facility were significantly lower and comparable to gasoline prices ($2.24-$2.96 per gallon or $0.59-$0.78 per liter) for these low-value feedstocks, clearly showing the benefits of scale-up on construction costs and MESP.