Extracellular Matrix-Associated Factors Play Critical Roles in Regulating Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation and Survival

This review describes formation of the islet basement membrane and the function of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in beta-cell proliferation and survival. Implications for islet transplantation are discussed. The insulin-producing beta-cell is key for maintaining glucose homeostasis. The islet microenvironment greatly influences beta-cell survival and proliferation. Within the islet, beta-cells contact the ECM, which is deposited primarily by intraislet endothelial cells, and this interaction has been shown to modulate proliferation and survival. ECM-localized growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and cellular communication network 2, signal through specific receptors and integrins on the beta-cell surface. Further understanding of how the ECM functions to influence beta-cell proliferation and survival will provide targets for enhancing functional beta-cell mass for the treatment of diabetes.