期刊
NANOSCALE
卷 11, 期 25, 页码 12242-12249出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02115a
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资金
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, ALS-08865]
- ALS
- KNMF (Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT)
A time-resolved series of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images are used to monitor phase and morphology transformation of rod-like and spherical particles with the initial orthorhombic InOOH phase in situ under continuous illumination with high-energy electrons in a transmission electron microscope. For both particle types, the electron-beam irradiation induces a fast InOOH to rh-In2O3 decomposition accompanied by the formation of voids within the particle/rod center. After illumination time intervals of about 1-2 min (i.e. electron dose 6.3-12.6 x 10(7) e nm(-2)) for particles and 8 min (4.3 x 10(8) e nm(-2)) for rods, respectively, several small empty cavities become visible in the particle/rod center. The cavities coalesce and form a large hollow space/canal after further illumination. Time-resolved in situ HRTEM unambiguously shows that the formation of internal voids in both nanoparticle types is a consequence of the structural InOOH-to-rh-In2O3 phase transition that starts at the surface of the corresponding particle. The as-formed oxide phase encapsulates the untransformed hydroxylated phase. Its decomposition does not follow the Kirkendall mechanism; the matter transferred outwards is removed in the form of water, leading to void formation inside without an increase of the particle size.
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