期刊
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
卷 12, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c9ee00825j
关键词
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资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [21702154, 51773157]
- Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province [2017CFB118]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2042017kf0269]
- NSFC [51603051, 51503156]
The realization of high open-circuit voltage (V-oc) in organic solar cells (OSCs) mainly depends on the delicate donor (D) and acceptor (A) structures, meticulously optimized bulk heterojunction (BHJ) microstructure and functionalized interfacial materials. In this work, we demonstrate a spontaneous V-oc gain in efficient OSCs without sacrificing the short-circuit current (J(sc)) and fill factor (FF). Using a combination of device studies and morphological analysis, we point out that the spontaneous phenomenon occurred at the bottom of the BHJ layer, which is caused by [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) acceptors spontaneously migrating to the BHJ/ZnO interface under ambient conditions. Furthermore, physical characterization determines the relation between morphology evolution and spontaneous V-oc enhancement, which mainly results from the eliminated energetic disorder at the BHJ/ZnO interface. The investigation of surface energy parameters among selected components highlights the wetting coefficient as a dominant dynamic for this spontaneous phenomenon. Besides, a wide range of photovoltaic systems introduced for enabling parallel verification also confirm the effect of the interfacial surface energy on V-oc spontaneous enhancement in inverted solar cells. These findings exemplify the importance of surface energy modification as a tool for improved interfaces of layered morphology, and open new routes to device interfacial optimization using novel design strategies of photoactive materials and interfacial materials. Such a spontaneous phenomenon may open a novel field for making materials work in an intelligent way in organic electronics.
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