The antecedents and consequences of psychological capital: a meta-analytic approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on psychological capital (PsyCap) - one of the emerging topics of human resource management, by examining its antecedents and outcomes through the lens of social exchange theory. Design/methodology/approach A meta-analytic approach was applied to validate the proposed hypotheses. Altogether, 105 primary studies published between 2000 and 2018 were collected and used. Findings Results show that leadership styles (authentic leadership, ethical leadership, abusive leadership) and organizational support are antecedents and desirable work attitudes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior) are consequences of PsyCap. Employee's characteristics significantly moderated the relationship between PsyCap and work attitudes. Originality/value This was the first attempt to examine PsyCap in a theoretical framework with its antecedents and outcomes and furthermore, to apply a meta-analytic method. The moderating role of employee characteristics in the relationship between PsyCap and work attitudes is also explored.