Supercritical carbon dioxide and pressurized liquid extraction of valuable ingredients from Viburnum opulus pomace and berries and evaluation of product characteristics

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO2) of Viburnum opulus L. fruits and pomace was optimized using 2 level factorial and central composite design (CCD). The effects and interactions of temperature (T), pressure (P), extraction time (t) and CO2 flow (v) were estimated for the washed V. opulus berry pomace, while 2 most significant factors, P and t were used further to estimate the coefficients of quadratic model and to find optimal extraction parameters by response surface methodology (RSM) for the unwashed pomace. The highest extract yields at optimal parameters (P=55-57 MPa, t=120-131 min, T=50 degrees C and v = 2.5 L min(-1)) from washed, unwashed berry pomace and dried whole berries were 19.1, 14.6 and 6.6%, respectively. The oil in lipophilic fractions was composed mainly of oleic (42-51%) and linoleic (42-46%) fatty acids; it contained 963-1157 mg kg(-1) tocopherols. SFE-CO2 residue was consecutively re extracted by pressurized acetone, water and ethanol yielding 11.59 +/- 0.95, 27.58 +/- 0.79 and 30.71 +/- 0.59% of extracts, respectively, which demonstrated strong antioxidant capacity in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and total phenolics assays. In total, biorefining of unwashed pomace yielded 62.11% of extracts from the initial plant material. The fractions obtained may be considered as valuable functional ingredients for foods, nutraceuticals and other applications. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.