Methicillin-and Inducible Clindamycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Patients with Wound Infection Attending Arba Minch Hospital, South Ethiopia

Background. Wound infection is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections. Different bacteria cause infection, of which Staphylococcus aureus is one of the known bacteria in causing infection with increased drug-resistant isolates. Objective. To assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin and inducible clindamycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients with wound infections attending Arba Minch Hospital. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2017. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and clinical characteristics. Wound swabs were cultured and identified by standard techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was detected using the cefoxitin (30 mu g) antibiotic disc while inducible clindamycin resistance was detected by the D-zone test. Thedata were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science, version 20. p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. A total of 161 patients were enrolled and a majority of them were female (90, 50.9%). Among the collected samples, 79 (49.7%) were positive for S. aureus; of this, methicillin resistance accounted for 65 (82.3%). Out of 22 (27.8%) erythromycin-resistant isolates, 19 (24.1%) showed inducible clindamycin resistance. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus showed higher resistance against tetracycline (72.3%) followed by cotrimoxazole (43.1%) and 100% sensitivity to vancomycin. The overall prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance among methicillin-resistant isolates was 16 (24.6%). Conclusion. The increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and the coresistance against other therapeutic options like clindamycin is becoming an obstacle in the treatment of infections which need attention from concerned bodies.