Factors impeding efficient functionality of community operated urban water schemes: the experience of Kisumu, Kenya

Numerous studies have measured the benefits of community participation in promoting equity and efficiency in the water service-provisioning sector. However, few have focused on factors which affect functionality in community operated water schemes in urban centers. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap in knowledge. Using qualitative data gathered through focus group discussions and employing constant comparative analytic techniques this study identify four unique factors which affect functionality in community operated water schemes in Kisumu, an urban area in Kenya. The following factors seem to influence this process: (1) clannism; (2) colonial planning/zoning laws; (3) physical/geographical constraints; and (4) population increase/community fatigue. Three policy suggestions are made which can be adopted to address these impediments. One, feasibility studies should precede the execution of most future urban-based community operated water schemes in the developing world. Two, funding agencies should focus on developing strategies to collaborate with the communities upon the completion of the projects. Third, managing community urban water systems requires adequate integration and coordination between the beneficiary community and city planners on issues of land use.