On-site Raman study of artwork: Procedure and illustrative examples

Raman microspectroscopy conducted with transportable/mobile instruments allows for the non-invasive identification of amorphous and crystalline phases of ancient masterpieces and outstanding artworks (objects, paintings and decor, building parts, etc.). Resonance Raman spectroscopy detects chromophore and dye traces. On the basis of examples (enamelled glass and pottery, enamelled metal, patinated/corroded metal, stained glass, sculptures, paintings, pastels, and drawings), this mini review discusses the main parameters (laser and optics choice, experimental procedure, etc.) and shows how phase identification contributes to a better understanding of innovant technology exchanges.