Nanocellulose isolation characterization and applications: a journey from non-remedial to biomedical claims

Cellulose is a renewable, biodegradable, ecofriendly and sustainable biomaterial. Global market of nanocellulose is comprehensively very high due to its utility. Extraction of nanocellulose from bacteria and plant results in different morphology and size of nanocellulose. Biocompatibility, mechanical strength, biofabrication, crystallinity, high surface area per unit mass, hydrophilicity, porosity, transparency and non-toxicity of bacterial cellulose make it more attractive. The extravagant nanoscaled three-dimensional network of cellulosic structures possess extraordinary properties for biomedical application, evidencing its usage in skin therapy, cardiovascular implants, cartilage meniscus implants, tissue engineering, bone tissue and neural implants, wound care products, drug delivery agents, tablet modification, tissue engineered urinary conduits, and synthesis of artificial cornea. Hence due to potential benefits associated with nanocellulose effective and efficient techniques are required for the isolation of nanocellulose that should be economical, ecofriendly and non-toxic.