Introducing functional and dysfunctional self-licensing: Associations with indices of (un)successful dietary regulation

Objective Giving in to food temptations is typically labeled as self-regulation failure. However, when indulgence stems from self-licensing processes, that is, relying on reasons to justify diet deviations, these instances might actually promote successful goal striving. This research aimed to theoretically define and test under what conditions self-licensing would be considered functional (e.g., when it ultimately serves the long-term goal of weight control) and dysfunctional (e.g., when it threatens successful goal striving). Method First, a pool of items reflecting functional and dysfunctional ways of self-licensing was tested and representative items were selected (Study 1; N = 194). Next, their classification was corroborated by examining the associations with indices of (un)successful dietary regulation (Study 2; N = 147). Finally, it was tested whether (dys)functional self-licensing predicted unhealthy snack intake, by means of participants keeping an unhealthy snack diary (Study 3; N = 54). Results The theorized distinction was confirmed, and the obtained correlational patterns supported the proposed (dys)functionality of the two types of self-licensing. Importantly, results showed that dysfunctional self-licensing predicted higher snack intake, whereas functional self-licensing predicted lower snack intake. Conclusion The present studies provide evidence for the existence of two types of self-licensing, and thereby contribute to theoretical development.