期刊
AIDS
卷 29, 期 16, 页码 2195-2200出版社
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000782
关键词
adherence; antiretroviral therapy; causal modeling; mortality; viral failure
资金
- Swiss National Science Foundation [148522]
- SHCS [608]
- UK Medical Research Council [MR/J002380/1]
- Department for International Development
- UK National Institute for Health Research Senior Investigator award [NF-SI-0611-10168]
- Santesuisse
- Gottfried and Julia Bangerter-Rhyner-Foundation
- Medical Research Council [MR/J002380/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [NF-SI-0611-10168] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MR/J002380/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Objective:To determine the effect of nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on virologic failure and mortality in naive individuals starting ART. Design:Prospective observational cohort study. Methods:Eligible individuals enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, started ART between 2003 and 2012, and provided adherence data on at least one biannual clinical visit. Adherence was defined as missed doses (none, one, two, or more than two) and percentage adherence (>95, 90-95, and <90) in the previous 4 weeks. Inverse probability weighting of marginal structural models was used to estimate the effect of nonadherence on viral failure (HIV-1 viral load >500copies/ml) and mortality. Results:Of 3150 individuals followed for a median 4.7 years, 480 (15.2%) experienced viral failure and 104 (3.3%) died, 1155 (36.6%) reported missing one dose, 414 (13.1%) two doses and, 333 (10.6%) more than two doses of ART. The risk of viral failure increased with each missed dose (one dose: hazard ratio [HR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.79-1.67; two doses: 2.15, 1.31-3.53; more than two doses: 5.21, 2.96-9.18). The risk of death increased with more than two missed doses (HR 4.87, 2.21-10.73). Missing one to two doses of ART increased the risk of viral failure in those starting once-daily (HR 1.67, 1.11-2.50) compared with those starting twice-daily regimens (HR 0.99, 0.64-1.54, interaction P=0.09). Consistent results were found for percentage adherence. Conclusion:Self-report of two or more missed doses of ART is associated with an increased risk of both viral failure and death. A simple adherence question helps identify patients at risk for negative clinical outcomes and offers opportunities for intervention. Copyright (C) 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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