期刊
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
卷 883, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab3658
关键词
galaxies: dwarf; galaxies: individual (Crater II, Hercules); galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy: halo; Local Group
资金
- Rose Hills Foundation
- National Science Foundation [AST-1714873]
- Carnegie Observatories through the Carnegie-Chile fellowship
- Max-Planck Society
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
- Queen's University Belfast
- National Central University of Taiwan
- Space Telescope Science Institute
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AR22G]
- NASA Science Mission Directorate
- University of Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
- University of Arizona
- Brazilian Participation Group
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida
- French Participation Group
- German Participation Group
- Harvard University
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
- Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group
- Johns Hopkins University
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University
- Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth
- Princeton University
- Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah
- Yale University
- Magellan (Baade): IMACS
We investigate the possibility that the dwarf galaxies Crater II and Hercules have previously been tidally stripped by the Milky Way. We present Magellan/IMACS spectra of candidate member stars in both objects. We identify 37 members of Crater II, 25 of which have velocity measurements in the literature, and we classify three stars within that subset as possible binaries. We find that including or removing these binary candidates does not change the derived velocity dispersion of Crater II. Excluding the binary candidates, we measure a velocity dispersion of sigma V-los = 2.7(-0.4)(+0.5) km s(-1), corresponding to M/L = 47(-13)(+17) M-circle dot/L-circle dot. We measure a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = -1.95(-0.05)(+0.06),with a dispersion of sigma([Fe/H]) = 0.18(-0.08)(+0.06). Our velocity dispersion and metallicity measurements agree with previous measurements for Crater II, and confirm that the galaxy resides in a kinematically cold dark-matter halo. We also search for spectroscopic members stripped from Hercules in the possible extratidal stellar overdensities surrounding the dwarf. For both galaxies, we calculate proper motions using Gaia DR2 astrometry, and use their full 6D phase space information to evaluate the probability that their orbits approach sufficiently close to the Milky Way to experience tidal stripping. Given the available kinematic data, we find a probability of similar to 40% that Hercules has suffered tidal stripping. The proper motion of Crater II makes it almost certain to be stripped.
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