Persea americana: Phenolic profile, Antioxidant potential, Antimicrobial Activity and in silico Prediction of Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Properties

The objective of this study was to carry out a phytochemical evaluation of the hydroethanol extract and chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of the leaves of Persea americana and correlate with its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, in order to verify which phytoconstituent is responsible for these activities. In addition, an in silico study of the active constituents identified was carried out to evaluate pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties. The butanol fraction yielded high content of phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, vitamin C and a very high content of rutin (20.6 +/- 0.5 mg/g) and quercetin (6.1 +/- 0.1 mg/g). The hydroethanol extract demonstrated IC50 of 6.7 +/- 1.7 in the 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl method, ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated greater ability to scavenge H2O2 (28.5 +/- 0.1) and butanol fraction to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ (55.1 +/- 0.1). Significant antifungal activity was found in the hydroethanol extract and the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions (MIC of 32 mu g/ml against Candida glabrata and Candida glabrata fluconazole resistant). The ethyl acetate fraction showed antimycobacterial activity with an MIC of 156.25 mu g/ml for all species tested. The phytoconstituents identified have no carcinogenic potential but rutin and quercetin might be mutagenic and inhibit cytochrome P450 isozymes, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. The results provided a good understanding of the constituents present in the leaves of the plant and their potential for pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics application.