期刊
NANOPHOTONICS
卷 8, 期 9, 页码 1559-1566出版社
WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2019-0153
关键词
electro-absorption modulators; indium tin oxide; directional coupling; broadband operation
资金
- AFOSR [FA9550-171-0377]
- ARO [W911NF-16-2-0194]
- NASA STTR, Phase I [80NSSC18P2146]
Electro-optic signal modulation provides a key functionality in modern technology and information networks. Photonic integration has not only enabled miniaturizing photonic components, but also provided performance improvements due to co-design addressing both electrical and optical device rules. The millimeter to centimeter footprint of many foundry-ready electro-optic modulators, however, limits density scaling of on-chip photonic systems. To address these limitations, here we experimentally demonstrate a coupling-enhanced electro-absorption modulator by heterogeneously integrating a novel dual-gated indium-tin-oxide phase-shifting tunable absorber placed at a silicon directional coupler region. This concept allows utilizing the normally parasitic Kramers-Kronig relations here in an synergistic way resulting in a strong modulation depth to insertion loss ratio of about 1. Our experimental modulator shows a 2 dB extinction ratio for a just 4 mu m short device at 4 V bias. Since no optical resonances are deployed, this device shows spectrally broadband operation as demonstrated here across the entire C-band. In conclusion, we demonstrate a modulator utilizing strong index change from both real and imaginary parts of active material enabling compact and high-performing modulators using semiconductor near-foundry materials.
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