Improving the TROPOMI CO data product: update of the spectroscopic database and destriping of single orbits

On 13 October 2017, the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) was launched on the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite in a sun-synchronous orbit. One of the mission's operational data products is the total column concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), which was released to the public in July 2018. The current TROPOMI CO processing uses the HITRAN 2008 spectroscopic data with updated water vapor spectroscopy and produces a CO data product compliant with the mission requirement of 10% precision and 15% accuracy for single soundings. Comparison with ground-based CO observations of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) show systematic differences of about 6.2 ppb and single-orbit observations are superimposed by a significant striping pattern along the flight path exceeding 5 ppb. In this study, we discuss possible improvements of the CO data product. We found that the molecular spectroscopic data used in the retrieval plays a key role for the data quality where the use of the Scientific Exploitation of Operational Missions - Improved Atmospheric Spectroscopy Databases (SEOM-IAS) and the HITRAN 2012 and 2016 releases reduce the bias between TROPOMI and TCCON due to improved CH4 spectroscopy. SEOM-IAS achieves the best spectral fit quality (root-meansquare, rms, differences between the simulated and measured spectrum) of 1.5 x 10(-10) mol s(-1) m(-2) nm(-1) sr(-1) and reduces the bias between TROPOMI and TCCON to 3.4 ppb, while HITRAN 2012 and HITRAN 2016 decrease the bias even further below 1 ppb. HITRAN 2012 shows the worst fit quality (rms = 2.5 x 10(-10) mol s(-1) m(-2) nm(-1) sr(-1)) of the tested cross sections and furthermore introduces an artificial bias of about -1 .5 x 10(17) molec cm(-2) between TROPOMI CO and the CAMS-IFS model in the Tropics caused by the H2O spectroscopic data. Moreover, analyzing 1 year of TROPOMI CO observations, we identified increased striping patterns by about 16% percent from November 2017 to November 2018. For that, we defined a measure gamma, quantifying the relative pixel-to-pixel variation in CO in the crosstrack and along-track directions. To mitigate this effect, we discuss two destriping methods applied to the CO data a posteriori. A destriping mask calculated per orbit by median filtering of the data in the cross-track direction significantly reduced the stripe pattern from gamma = 2.1 to gamma = 1.6. However, the destriping can be further improved, achieving gamma = 1.2 by deploying a Fourier analysis and filtering of the data, which not only corrects for stripe patterns in the cross-track direction but also accounts for the variability of stripes along the flight path.