Bicycle-metro integration for the 'last mile': Visualizing cycling in Shanghai

Bicycle-metro integration is theoretically considered to be an effective solution for improving public transportation efficiency of last mile between home and metro station in cities. However, this proposition has not been fully proved in practice. In recent years, the emerging dockless bike-sharing system makes it possible to examine the spatial integration between flexible bicycle traffic and rail transit. This study mapped the bicycle traffic on an equal population cartogram of Shanghai to distinguish overall patterns within the center of Shanghai. The research result indicates the sharing bike usage frequency from metro station to outlying area is gradual declining, which demonstrates that bicycle-metro integration has already become the basic model for daily transport in Shanghai.