期刊
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
卷 43, 期 3, 页码 257-272出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz002
关键词
gut microbiota; gut immunity; lipopolysaccharide; innate immunity; TLR4/MD-2; structural characterization
类别
资金
- European Commission [H2020-MSCA-ETN-642 157 TOLLerant]
The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a heterogeneous and complex microbial community, which plays a key role in human health. The gut microbiota controls the development of the immune system by setting systemic threshold for immune activation. Glycoconjugates, such as lipopolysaccharides, from gut bacteria have been shown to be able to elicit both systemic proinflammatory and immunomodulatory responses. This phenomenon is particularly intriguing considering that the immune system is charged with the task to distinguish the beneficial microbes from the pathogens, even if the commensal bacteria have molecular patterns resembling those of the pathogenic counterparts. Therefore, the importance of the chemical structure of these macromolecules in fine tuning this delicate equilibrium is beyond question. This review offers an overview of the current understanding of chemical peculiarities of the lipopolysaccharides isolated from the gut microbiota, and their relationships to their biological activity in terms of immune system maturation and development.
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