A method to extract fishers' knowledge (FK) to generate evidence for sustainable management of fishing gears

The dangerous effects of Abandoned, Lost or Discarded Fishing Gears (ALDFG) is documented in the literature. However, there exists an overall lack of understanding in quantifying the pollution loads of fishing gears (FG) in territorial waters or on the beaches. The lack of data on FG life cycle results in mismanagement of one of the troublesome resources across the globe. In the remote and data-less situations, local stakeholders' knowledge remains the only source of information. Therefore, in this article, we propose: A methodology to extract fishers' knowledge (FK) for generating evidence on FG handling and management practices in Norway. The stepwise approach includes mapping of relevant stakeholders, drafting and finalizing a structured questionnaire using the Delphi method among experts to build the consensus and finally, statistically analyzing the recorded responses from the fishers. The questions are designed to extract both qualitative and quantitative information on purchase, repair, gear loss and disposal rates of commercial FGs. The responses from 114 Norwegian fishers are recorded, analyzed and presented as a part of method validation. The evidence from the survey is then used as an input to coin the regional FG handling and management strategies in Norway. The presented method is proven a robust strategy to retrieve scientific information from the local stakeholders' and can easily be replicated elsewhere to build global evidence around the ALDFG problematic. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.