Seamless Indoor-Outdoor Navigation based on GNSS, INS and Terrestrial Ranging Techniques

We describe an integrated navigation system based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), an Inertial Navigation System (INS) and terrestrial ranging technologies that can support accurate and seamless indoor-outdoor positioning. To overcome severe multipath disturbance in indoor environments, Locata technology is used in this navigation system. Such a Locata-augmented navigation system can operate in different positioning modes in both indoor and outdoor environments. In environments where GNSS is unavailable, e.g. indoors, the proposed system is designed to operate in the Locata/INS loosely-integrated mode. On the other hand, in outdoor environments, all GNSS, Locata and INS measurements are available, and all useful information can be fused via a decentralised Federated Kalman filter. To evaluate the proposed system for seamless indoor-outdoor positioning, an indoor-outdoor test was conducted at a metal-clad warehouse. The test results confirmed that the proposed navigation system can provide continuous and reliable position and attitude solutions, with the positioning accuracy being better than five centimetres.